本节名录
- lithography (石板印刷术): a printmaking technique invented in 1799 based on drawing directly on a special stone, wetting the stone, then inking it and pressing paper against it
- 1839: photographic processes are patented in France - Daguerre’s daguerreotype on a metal plate (银版摄影术), and England - Talbot’s calotype on a paper negative (基于纸质底片的卡罗法)
- 1848: France has its third revolution, leading to a democratic government 1848-51; the issue of universal suffrage (普选) is hotly debated
- 1871: the modern French republic (法兰西共和国) is founded after war and civil war in 1870-71